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Messiah in the Talmud
An incredible statement is made in the Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Sanhedrin 97a-97b. It reads:
The Tanna debe Eliyyahu [Academy of Elijah] teaches: The world is to exist six thousand years. In the first two thousand there was desolation;37 two thousand years the Torah flourished;38 and the next two thousand years is the Messianic era,39 but through our many iniquities all these years have been lost.1 [Brackets mine]
The footnotes read:
37. I.e., no Torah. It is a tradition that Abraham was fifty-two years old when he began to convert men to the worship of the true God; from Adam until then, two thousand years elapsed.
38. I.e., from Abraham’s fifty-second year until one hundred and seventy-two years after the destruction of the second Temple. This does not mean that the Torah should cease thereafter, but is mentioned merely to distinguish it from the next era.
39. I.e., Messiah will come within that period.
1. He should have come at the beginning of the last two thousand years; the delay is due to our sins.
This is very revealing. The Jews believed that world history would be divided roughly into three two thousand year periods. The first period was from Adam to Abraham. The second period was from Abraham to Messiah. The third (last) period would be the era or days of Messiah. In other words, the Messiah would come at the start of the fifth one thousand year period.
They also believed that a one thousand year period would follow the third (last) two thousand year period as we see below.
R. Kattina said: Six thousand years shall the world exist, and one [thousand, the seventh], it shall be desolate, as it is written, And the Lord alone shall be exalted in that day.32 Abaye said: it will be desolate two [thousand], as it is said, After two days will he revive us: in the third day, he will raise us up, and we shall live in his sight.33
It has been taught in accordance with R. Kattina: Just as the seventh year is one year of release in seven, so is the world: one thousand years out of seven shall be fallow, as it is written, And the Lord alone shall be exalted in that day,’ and it is further said, A Psalm and song for the Sabbath day,34 meaning the day that is altogether Sabbath35 and it is also said, For a thousand years in thy sight are but as yesterday when it is past.36
The footnote #33 reads:
33. Hosea VI, 2: the ‘two days’ meaning two thousand years. Cf. Ps. XC, 4. quoted below.
Just as our week is comprised of six work days and one rest day, so too, will man’s time on earth consist of six days of work (one day = 1,000 years) and one day of rest (the 1,000 year millennium or anti-typical Sabbath). One of the sources the Jews used to arrive at that belief was the Book of Hosea. It is believed Hosea wrote his book between 755–725 BCE. In it he prophesied about three “days” in Israel’s future which they understood as three one thousand year periods. Using the week as a type of the history of man on earth, that would mean four one thousand year days would precede the three one thousand year days of Hosea 6:2. That meant Hosea was writing in the middle of the fourth thousand year day. At the end of the fourth day, the era of Messiah would begin.
However, since the Jews were not delivered from the Romans by their expected King Messiah, they assumed he did not come when expected because of their sins (see the quote above from Tractate Sanhedrin 97a-97b).
Here is a visual to help you understand the timeline.
Day 1 |
Day 2 |
Day 3 |
Day 4 |
Day 5 |
Day 6 |
Day 7 |
2,000 years from Adam to Abraham |
2,000 years from Abraham to Messiah |
2,000 years of the era of Messiah |
1,000 year millennial rest |